初中英語被動語態知識點總結

　　表示動作與主語之間是被動關系的句子是被動語態，今天小編為大家整理的是初中英語被動語態的相關內容，希望大家喜歡，歡迎閱讀參考。

　　一、語態概述

　　英語的語態是通過動詞形式的變化表現出來的。英語中有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態。

　　主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者。

　　例如：Many people speak Chinese.

　　謂語：speak的動作是由主語many people來執行的。

　　被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主語English是動詞speak的承受者。

　　二、被動語態的構成

　　被動語態由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。人稱、數和時態的變化是通過be的變化表現出來的。現以speak為例說明被動語態在各種時態中的構成。

　　一般現在時：am/is/are+spoken

　　一般過去時：was/were+spoken

　　一般將來時：will/shall be+spoken

　　現在進行時：am/is/are being+spoken

　　過去進行時：was/were being+spoken

　　現在完成時：have/has been+spoken

　　過去完成時：had been + spoken

　　三、被動語態的用法

　　(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰。

　　例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.　一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰偷的)

　　This bridge was founded in 1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。

　　(2)強調動作的承受者，而不強調動作的執行者。

　　例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的。

　　This book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。

　　Your homework must be finished on time.你們的家庭作業必須及時完成。

　　四、主動語態變被動語態的方法

　　(1)把主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語。

　　(2)把謂語變成被動結構(be+過去分詞) (根據被動語態句子里的主語的人稱和數，以及原來主動語態句子中動詞的時態來決定be的形式)。

　　(3)把主動語態中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如：

　　All the people laughed at him.

　　He was laughed at by all people.

　　They make the bikes in the factory.

　　The bikes are made by them in the factory.

　　He cut down a tree.

　　A tree was cut down by him.

　　五、含有情態動詞的被動語態

　　含有情態動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由“情態動詞+be+過去分詞”構成，原來帶to的情態動詞變成被動語態后“to”仍要保留。

　　We can repair this watch in two days.

　　This watch can be repaired in two days.

　　They should do it at once.

　　It should be done at once.

　　六、特殊情況

　　1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.

　　The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.

　　2.Mother never lets me watch TV .

　　I am never let to watch TV by mother.

　　3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.

　　(1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.

　　(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.

　　延伸閱讀：被動語態習題

　　1 The Peoples Republic of China __ on October 1, 1949.

　　A. found

　　B. was founded

　　C. is founded

　　D. was found

　　2 English ____ in Canada.

　　A. speaks

　　B. are spoken

　　C. is speaking

　　D. is spoken

　　3 This English song___ by the girls after class.

　　A. often sings

　　B. often sang

　　C. is often sang

　　D. is often sung

　　4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.

　　A, makes

　　B. made

　　C. is making

　　D. is made

　　5 New computers ___ all over the world.

　　A. is used

　　B. are using

　　C. are used

　　D. have used

　　6.Our room must ___ clean.

　　A. keep

　　B. be kept

　　C. to be kept

　　D. to keep

　　7.——Id like to buy that coat.

　　——Im sorry___.

　　A. it sold

　　B. its selling

　　C. Its been sold

　　D. it had been sold

　　8.A new house ___ at the corner of the road.

　　A. is building

　　B. is being built

　　C. been built

　　D. be building

　　9.The key ___ on the table when I left.

　　A. was left

　　B. will be left

　　C. is left

　　D. has been left

　　10.Doctors ___ in every part of the world.

　　A. need

　　B. are needing

　　C. are needed

　　D. will need

　　key:1-5 B D D D C 　　6-10 B C B A C

　　1．動詞+介詞

　　He will be operated on by the best surgeon．他將由最好的外科醫生給他動手術。

　　This matter has been carefully looked into．此事已得到仔細調查。

　　He is often laughed at by his classmates．他經常被同學嘲笑。

　　2．動詞+ 副詞

　　These problems have been seriously thought over． 這些問題已得到認真考慮。

　　The lights are turned off at 11 pm every day．每天晚上11點鐘關燈。

　　The fire was soon put out．那場大火很快被撲滅。

　　3．動詞+副詞+介詞

　　These privileges should be done away with．此類特權應該被取消。

　　Women were looked down upon in the past．婦女過去受到歧視。

　　The lost time must be made up for.失去的時間必須補回來。

　　4．動詞+名詞+介詞

　　The children have been taken good care of． 這些孩子得到了很好的照料。

　　What they did have been paid great attention to．他們所做的一切已得到極大的關注。

　　Time is precious and should be made full use of.時間寶貴，應該充分利用。

　　語態(voice)

　　作為一個語法范疇，是表示主語和動詞之間的主動或被動關系的動詞行式。英語動詞有兩種語態：主動語態(active voice)和被動語態(passive voice)。當主語為動作執行者即施動者時，動詞用主動態；如果主語是動作的承受者即受動者時，動詞便用被動態。例如：

　　(1) john helped peter.

　　(2) peter was helped by john.

　　句(1) helped是主動態；句(2)was helped是被動態,可見主動態是無標記的，而被動態是有標記的。

　　構成

　　被動語態由助動詞be的時態之一和及物動詞的過去分詞構成。被動語態可用于各種時態，其時態變化通過助動詞be的不同形式來體現。如：一般現在時的被動態構成形式為助動詞am/is/are + 過去分詞；而一般過去時的被動態構成形式為was/were + 過去分詞。本冊要掌握的被動語態形式有：

　　一般現在時：am/is/are + 過去分詞

　　e.g. football is played all over the world.

　　i’m often asked to do this work.

　　我常常被派做這項工作。

　　一般過去時：was/were +過去分詞

　　e.g. the terracotta warriors were found in 1974 near xi’an.

　　they were discovered by workers in a field outside the city.

　　when was thebuilding completed?

　　這座大樓什么時候建成的？

　　一般將來時：will (shall) + be +過去分詞

　　be going to + be + 過去分詞

　　e.g. the result of the exam will be known soon.

　　they are going to be given a difficult test.

　　一般過去將來時：should(would) be+過去分詞

　　e.g. the teacher said the results would be published soon.

　　he told me that the film would be shown the next week.

　　現在進行時：am/is/are + being +過去分詞

　　e.g. the new airport is being built by aforeign company.

　　一家外國公司正在承建這座新機場。

　　the song is being sung by the girls now.

　　過去進行時：was/were being+過去分詞

　　e.g. the song was being sung by the girls when i got there.

　　the student was being criticized when i went into the

　　teacher’s office.

　　將來完成時：will have been+過去分詞

　　e.g. by theendof next term XX english words will

　　have been learned.

　　the building will have been built by next year.

　　現在完成時：has/have + bee n +過去分詞

　　e.g. all the tickets have been sold .

　　the book has been translated into many languages.

　　這本書已被譯成多種語言。

　　過去完成時：had been+過去分詞

　　e.g. forty schools had beenvisited by last year.

　　all the tickets had been sold out when i got to the cinema.

　　過去將來完成時：would have been+過去分詞

　　e.g. he said many words would have been learned by XX.

　　they promised that ten books would have been published

　　by the next month.

　　情態動詞：情態動詞 + be + 過去分詞

　　e.g. this road must be mended.

　　the machine parts may be needed in our work.

　　工作中可能需要這些機器零部件。

　　動詞不定式：to be + 過去分詞

　　e.g. i’m glad to be asked questions.

　　it is impossible for lost time to be made up.

　　失去的時間不可彌補。

　　主要用法

　　被動態常用于下列幾種場合：

　　1．當不知道或不必提出動作的執行者時（這時都不帶由by引起的短語）；

　　printing was introduced into europefromchina.

　　印刷術是從中國引入歐洲的。

　　the airplane was made in u.s.

　　such books are written for children. 這種書是為兒童寫的。

　　2. 動作的承受者是談話的中心（這時可帶有由by引起的短語）；

　　the songwas composed by a student.

　　這首歌曲是一個學生譜寫的。

　　thousands of rivers are polluted in the country.

　　3. 出于禮貌措詞等原因而不愿說出動作執行者是誰。

　　you are requested to get here in time.

　　請您準時來這兒。

　　帶行為主體的被動態

　　行為主體就是動作的執行者，即執行動詞所表達的動作的人或物。在被動句中，往往不提及行為主體；但當強調動作的執行者時，可用介詞by引出行為( by +主體行為主體),置于被動態句的末尾，說明是什么人或物應對有關事件負責。

　　e.g. the village was destroyed by a bomb.

　　這個村莊毀于炸彈。

　　the painting is very valuable. it was painted by van gogh.

　　這幅畫很值錢，它是梵高畫的。

　　其它用法補充

　　1.“it + 被動語態+ that 從句”。表示謹慎或不太肯定的語氣。常用于該結構的動詞有：say, think, believe, agree, expect, consider, feel, know, decide, report, suggest, prove 等。

　　e.g. it is said that prices will rise again this month.

　　據說本月物價還將上漲。

　　it is thought that about a million dogs are born each year.

　　據認為每年約有一百條狗出生。

　　it is reported that all the passengers died in the crash.

　　據報導所有乘客在那次飛機墜毀中遇難。

　　it is agreed that we will have two weeks holiday this year.

　　2. 用于通告標題廣告等的被動態往往省去助動詞be。

　　e.g. no chinese spoken here.

　　shoes repaired.

　　famous painting stolen. 名畫被盜。

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