ＧＲＥ全真考試題三

　The common belief of some linguists　that each language is a perfect vehicle　for the thoughts of the nation speaking　it is in some ways the exact counterpart of the conviction of the　Manchester school of economics that　supply and demand will regulate　everything for the best. Just as　economists were blind to the numerous cases in which the law of supply and　demand left actual wants unsatisfied,　so also many linguists are deaf to　those instances　in　which　the　very　nature　of　a　language　calls　forth　misunderstandings　in　everyday　conversation, and in which,　consequently, a word has to be modified　or defined in order to present the idea　intended by the speaker: "He took his stick-no, not John s, but his own. " No　language is perfect, and if we admit　this truth, we must also admit that it　is not unreasonable to investigate the　relative merits of different languages or of different details in languages.The primary purpose of the passage is to　analyze an interesting feature of the　English language　refute a belief held by some linguists　show that economic theory is relevant　to linguistic study　illustrate the confusion that can result　from the improper use of language　suggest a way in which languages can be　made more nearly perfect

　　答案：(B)

　　某些語言學家的一種普遍信念是，每種語言都是一個載體，可用來完美地表達操該種語言的民族的思想。在某種程度上，這一語言學思想與曼徹斯特經濟學派所堅信的觀點如出一轍，構成了一種絕然的對等理論。該經濟學派認為，供求關系制約著一切并使一切趨勢于最佳狀態。正如這些經濟家對供求規律所造成的使實際需求不得滿足的諸般實例視而不見那樣，同樣地，許多語言學家對下述情形也可謂是充耳不聞。在此類情形中，語言的性質本身就有可能導致日常交談中的種種誤解，因此在這種情況下，一個詞語必須經過修飾或界定之后，才有可能表達說話者所意欲表述的那層涵義：“他拿了他的拐杖——不，不是約翰的，而是他自己的。”沒有任何語言是盡善盡美的，假如我們承認這一真理，我們同樣也必須承認，對不同語言的相對優劣，或對不同語言中的不同細節進行分析，這并非不合情理。

　　The misunderstanding presented by the　author in lines 19-20 is similar to　which of the following?

　　I.X uses the word "you" to refer to　a group, but Y thinks that X is　referring to one person only.

　　II. X mistakenly uses the word　"anomaly" to refer to a typical　example, but Y　knows that　"anomaly" means "exception."

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